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第三章 相互依存性与贸易的好处
复习题:
答:同一生产者可能同时在两种物品上都具有绝对优势,但不可能同时在两种物品上都拥有比较优势。绝对优势反映了生产率的高低,比较优势反映了相对机会成本的高低。 2、举例说明一个人在做某件事上有绝对优势,而另一个人有比较优势。
答:乒乓国手王励勤无论是进行乒乓比赛还是清理自家门前的垃圾都比邻居的小伙子张三更有效率。王励勤进行半小时的比赛可获10万人民币,他也可以在半小时内清理完垃圾。而张三清理王励勤家的垃圾需要1小时,在同样的时间里,他可以出去打工并赚10元人民币。可以看出,王励勤在这两件事上都有绝对优势。但张三清理垃圾的机会成本是10元人民币,王励勤的机会成本是10万人民币。因此,张三在清理垃圾上有比较优势。 3、对贸易来说.是绝对优势重要还是比较优势重要?用你的上一题答案的例子来解释你的推理。
答:对贸易来说.比较优势重要。从第二题的例子来看.每个人从事自己有比较优势的事情,同时相互交换物品或劳务,可以使大家都达到经济上的更优状态。如上例,王励勤不应该清理垃圾,而应该去参加乒乓比赛。他应该启用张三去清理垃圾。只要他支付给张三高于10元人民币低于10万人民币的工钱,双方的状况都会更好。
4、一国倾向于出口还是进口自己有比较优势的物品?解释原因。
答:一国倾向于出口自己有比较优势的物品,由于此物品在此国生产相当于别国更有比较优势,所以此国生产的机会成本更低,数量必然比别国更多,经济总产量就会提高,所以相对于国家利益来说一国倾向于出口自己有比较优势的物品;当然,当此举违反了当权阶级的利益时,就会产生其他情况。
5、为什么经济学家反对限制各国之间贸易的政策?
答:因为每个国家都会在不同的劳务或物品生产上具有比较优势。各国在生产上进行分工.专门生产自己具有比较优势的产品,可以使世界经济的总产量增加,同时相互间进行贸易,每个国家的消费者都可以消费更多的物品和劳务,所有的国家都可以实现更大的繁荣。
问题与应用:
1、考虑本章例子中的农民和牧牛人。解释为什么农民生产1盎司牛肉的机会成本是4盎司土豆。解释为什么牧牛人生产1盎司牛肉的机会成本是2盎司土豆。
答:因为农民每四小时可以生产16盎司土豆或4盎司牛肉,那他每小时可以生产4盎司土豆或1盎司牛肉,当他生产1盎司牛肉时就是放弃了可以生产4盎司土豆的机会,所以农民生产1盎司牛肉的机会成本是4盎司土豆;同理,牧牛人6小时可以生产18盎司牛肉,2小时可以生产12盎司土豆,他每小时可以生产6盎司土豆或3盎司牛肉,所以牛人生产1盎司牛肉的机会成本是2盎司土豆。
2、玛利亚1小时可读20页经济学书,也可以1小时读50页社会学著作。她每天学习5小时。
A.画出玛利亚阅读经济学和社会学著作的生产可能性边界。
经济学书
(页)
答![](data:image/jpg;base64,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)
B.玛利亚阅读100页社会学著作的机会成本是什么?
答:玛利亚阅读100页社会学著作的机会成本是阅读40页经济学书。
3、美国和日本的工人每人每年可生产4辆汽车。一个美国工人1年可生产10吨粮食,而1个
日本工人每年可生产5吨粮食。为了使事情简单,假设每国有1亿工人。
A.根据这种情况,作出类似于表3-1的表。
中国十大风景名胜答:
| 生产1亿吨(辆)所需的时间(年) | | 1年的产量(亿辆、亿吨) |
汽车 | 粮食 | 汽车 | 粮食 |
美国 | 1/4 | 1/10 | | 4 | 5 |
重庆磁器口古镇图片上海黄浦区房价日本 | 1/4 湖北神农架旅游攻略 | 1/5 | | 4 | 10 |
| | | | | |
B.画出美国和日本经济的生产可能性边界。
粮食(亿吨)
0
10
答:![](data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAi0AAAC+CAMAAADOWs+EAAAABGdBTUEAALGPC/xhBQAAAAFzUkdCAK7OHOkAAAMAUExURQAAAOEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGASMZ3CMZ3OEGAeEGAeEGASMZ3OEGAeEGAeEGASMZ3OEGASMZ3OEGAeEGASMZ3CMZ3CMZ3CMZ3CMZ3OEGASMZ3OEGAeEGASMZ3CMZ3CMZ3CMZ3CMZ3CMZ3CMZ3OEGAeEGAeEGAeEGASMZ3CMZ3CMZ3CMZ3CMZ3CMZ3OEGAeEGAeEGAeEGASMZ3CMZ3OEGASMZ3CMZ3CMZ3CMZ3CMZ3CMZ3CMZ3OEGAeEGASMZ3CMZ3CMZ3CMZ3CMZ3CMZ3CMZ3CMZ3CMZ3CMZ3OEGASMZ3OEGAeEGAeEGASMZ3CMZ3CMZ3CMZ3CMZ3CMZ3OEGASMZ3OEGASMZ3CMZ3OEGASMZ3OEGAeEGAeEGAeEGASMZ3OEGASMZ3CMZ3OEGASMZ3OEGASMZ3OEGAeEGASMZ3CMZ3OEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGASMZ3CMZ3CMZ3CMZ3OEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGASMZ3CMZ3CMZ3CMZ3OEGASMZ3OEGASMZ3CMZ3CMZ3CMZ3OEGAeEGAeEGAeEGASMZ3CMZ3OEGAeEGAeEGAeEGAeEGASMZ3OEGAeEGASMZ3P///wAA1ndx6R0S2xcN2gUA1yIY3CAW3Nzb+gAA1Xp06rOw8w0D2RkO2icc3SQZ3P39/5uW793b+h4U2zox4CUb3BUK2gsB2E9H4+De+j824QgA2Cwi3hIJ2aKd8AIA1+no/BsR26ej8e7t/BEG2q2o8jIq33x36g0I2ebl+8fE9mVf57+89fb1/oiE7PPy/YF860pC4nRt6bq39FtW5bCs825n6NvZ+pCL7mJc5j004MLB9tbU+MvJ97az8/j3/puX71ZO5JmU70M74oaA687L+NDO+Gxo6J+a8LZJissAAAC1dFJOUwAoge/aniXyQT3DDc7xMKIjKwy9QHy2v6WbKou05gSCqTr8WDS6GN4WnXRlEQTh9ej8bIcUAQbEtarrhhM+Bvg9erFzIZVS/RbU2k2N4RoCTpL6DtJ+viRA2CmDkTDGoWpS6LlJzcFuWK5EXzde5ApD5ZmmHXBFmKJmwvAbMavs3mNiLK7+SM4sB+12zFttsne88rzJDaiVLvcfyQlV9ggzVdZ/OTZb+tfc7mgRD9Ehid+FEHrad2yOAAAX7klEQVR42u2deUAUR/bHm6h4YzR4I0aFCK54gQoGLzwRJKgQUVERFRUUb7wFj2jE+8YLFQ/cJBrNZpqJIJmNDtllgbhqUOMdc+wvyeb8ZXPs/g5P6KOq+1Vf0zPW98+Zrurpqs9UV7167xXDPLOKWjQtZ8m2JWv9U0IZKiopjV2Yyz7VtgEjaYNQYRUQyfLVj7YJFe4lNIQVaiFtFSo0LLNZsSbvBBaelJKS5kcb8VlR/x4sShkABGamBD+a7vSeFvEKbchnQauyWbQSo+SGFf/Myqtnx9Ol1DMwwc1kcRoiPV5MFWCWeZy2pqsrjMUrVqpgP/H1fWlzurYiJGBhsw/iC/qjCsTTBnVldcuUooX1Jx2S6MLblXWAldY8TLlgXIE5tE1dV2tlaNmOHpGSlAxHVE6uWaycVqGKLZQqQae6rqpgWVpQQ8Uk6SJ0S9I1FSoLC5vdTVTqrc7SRabRhnVJLZKnhZ0gKtVdrsgh2rLP5osI8SqSRyyGtqwLamY2gJZEgfl/nqLxiMrpNYmFSPBemQwhjLat6ykWREsCr0waqEwabVyXUwio5wfwyuSAyoTQxnU5TQb1/ETyoQW17qZybr2SCOr5HG6ZOTBa2Fm0eV1MUa+BOj6TO04MAdISSJvXxbQK1vGvcfahZwFhYZNo87qYjgF7nrPvEw+lZShtXhdTH2DPc7ah10JpyT5J2/dZp2VnLpQWrBsV1TPzJhoLhoW6LTyrs9zKsKJJcFqiaPu6lvw6k66gV4Jh6RFA29e1RG6dmwKmZTJtXlcTseW/L5gWGinicpoL6nhORFksmJYptHVdTbChYpESWsbS1nU1pZF2PPhN1IM2rsvp4DZAx8/mFEiA0hJJG9f1FAboeG6o6lSWfLOAylUEsZ9M4lwfB4RlCG1aF9RJeQ+XbVwzW3+6InJ5zTuUNmvsnxS+ing5E17pAYIldyZtdCdd9wx47O62ZEcgwvtRfht6NO/6JFILDZXzyC+W55CyNlY0wshFqYbxLwcZXDJ30pZ3Qh0QJX7qsUhwSYRMzwuyoI6G0LKetrwTChmwHMb/4wckkr1TIF7cNNWyEyoF4zHLt4WkgRdEj7RQHhZ6RIATCuu5lMvfw5lL9E6JkIWF+io447JZYhbKX+DOJsqskUHfQ66ngFFS+VV4Odb743AZgkrFfpTGy7uepAPiM/jr7KFoptCxzOtpRKur6RBRDoRQ1EonCRf4HkbT/LiYZKPE+N0aOlkmDwdPO7C1rqQt74SSjxTqLRg5xvD3F3snSFUfTGFxJY0hc1t5qJEDKg2/iZEy0UDIvByTUd6V3fyiougeo7k1VEkw4c6UhZNzhuR0j4+QT9VzQPQ2yhDZZqLSYqfl9OjdOTczI3hMRH/aKyYVyMVNZT7+kes5wPQOmyT8Pm67IGY6py8NSDOltkNoUZ93clVKZEjSju5zAyeILHJ+qBV8xgHaNebTSVjOp0n6/YK0JehbzqVTGOd8EekZToj/ARmjafeYTP4wWnRLgSzlkJd7jPaPuZQBo4XV638+G5rFjsrxGgkN+pmqz/1lcjZn0KWRmXQcSos+bkuyaS/DaBeZSIFQWvTJaTtK9r50IW0ihUBp0eW8TEA4YzZ9F5lH4CylupxoBzkgawztJLOo2xIoLRN1uPtOUN5DemaEWQSNVdYnu3qCA2dMVOSC57TtrsPdQVtUbC6duZhEqxw5tgQAX4PUI9MkAhvn9Ji3QAe2ubSfzKHQXAeuiVJoXjon02wt7S1+fSYk9Ou3KOLYn0D3BlsGac5Lk6g7tMfkzB59EubkVAxU2Uljpsqf9BDi4D0qKlINgPZYilQt88YggoyCI2TuPRl67wTaT+YQ+OiGPvg6ZgZi/O+CpV8hUGcJmojB2RZFnd/CVrFIIqtLpISt5GAmlBaaEcgsAv7BY3DlR0tnl8uIw6/HekNp6Uu7ybkmLnNwA4vyrp73GqXF2XQI1mEYn/8xKvZ54JbBWNpNZhFoZTIbWTQAluM0CT15Gc1qtXp3EjVtUo9ITeotON1wo+dSg39m0Esijaj4cgKkv0JQ1XaLAfb22gB1tLjI2GJRpkEdGr0Tvd+4n3mi9XCBWjet/BYSB71Slb2E3UHfRA9U3aJc6ctXDDboZ3YS331X5bf95LtrCWpwCGbhClZFS19KywPtaZJsyM+sKr51tcpv/YhONKtQIEuieDVrInNa59bM78LRpvlLdablgTZ7OpwWmeRwLO8g1gqNZcmUpsLekkAwRatRk6dk/eaItQRNGq0/LRbLqTaOpkVuey8bla5yCCEt2aLUCgE9oGVT4I86Q/igW3Rr1eWCOyUbQYvFsry2g2mR6fqjiCr7sqRaK6ojB1qUwHmujfBB5+vWqi86hhbLmSAH0+K3hNBfIIoll2iumgQt2Qf+qIeFD7pJt1bdJbiTp0G0WFq4O5YWZuQSMueS7gpoEaUjWwgs91qoKWkZL7jTMqNosVR3dywtzLyhJJGlCUpgEaRphr/NchijaVlaa1wtOS1OF9wpfLHU5eN8taPFUqW9Y2lhQpGJbSciE3H0Z5VJsDUZASxGkmlouvBBByppsGYWHaQhLZYztR1LC8McEJrbEiPRqdXfSlRIi8BRZWcu6SR3xennpHVEuFCxNDrynKxanp7Of0J3HWCpriUtlq2OpoVhjg6ofB9lhq2cqWYfEuKPDYs+611pSO5g0UldnI0WZWOmprQwTECfhED/hXP6phzCpwicohwWwRRkEagMJ5yosV60JDsdLSdMQAtAq1g14s1BQFHzXHOPbrT4OB0tlr3OQMvJTFW08Pd8ICkSuT6eutHyvPPRMkwvWhCv+3pK64phVWoSoZEvzgBa9rR3Plqq6+Xyko7YbVBW084kltUSF/k5EC9GUi9aUrs6ipb0ra82ltALr4a3xlV4WCdalrUSSZk1sJsoT9y5wgc6d44IF64hfy7RtFgvWuowjqJltbyl8PBydIVNze7PI1o724svFZSXWx+r1A6MTQoFb2hu8zOElsYG0IK2zm2GNLvHYgjiZpN4ILjz958/+Obm9Y8//r9ffvvtoysKMgf1T4ROWnSkZbkULRt8XxDLV9CBe1AXcdXYC0mLlzLviEe3bGBqWBChR9Zf8yr1bxv0XcTNyBI6ET+yCONS9KJlgRQt9ZGNcYRfwxpA+6mghRmOKJtlZlhQy92Cjzi0vGcFT114BzEmYNKCTIuSc1fTSqelaJmOaowGg/j7C4zOtHRBlF1jXlZOIh3slNLCRnLrPjglKVt4QeI0RMDbKZ1o2SJFS01UczRRYCpTQ8s6xNJohmlhGY3+/yumRZiSPXRCYHDGU2QSu8dPQO48eCTX0EPJg0lpyVKyPFFDC3NGenOra83kGp49e/b07Pl4zTv9oXwealmWh4dH1usPlNXMzc2tmZucp/Lrj8txNJ3Qbjwa43GtnBZUQJvfqmNxcXGHRjo8iaUsLfwJVFtGf1rGictynUjXDYJHs1VdvUnKc0s6ngiyN4Qz96ugxczxqmJagp7naiC/Md8d/Ly81qmj5VVx2Tc5X/d6gzB2oGUWgeW/CUnjTerM6kALO8WJaKkm1fR1If3TUx0tjaXnLb06kZsNsnTZVZTwq1RFi/FRZW83F2h3kyAYLeNVz6Q91dESLr0mUkDLAwjctaclktWLFqNDVrOqiHdye8FoaaqalpqqaBmBMLjUV0uLxTJ+v7a0HJQ8ZUQlLcoOqxro1VQkiO2hfmuoB5r5aFkjLtpxnXpaLB3cNKVF2htSLS2Kjg9wRxk23eRHlj2iQkcYZ6Fll7joBkYDWixv7NWOlv47WH1pUZTje3+q+IHaessU8hEz1pxxFlq85fagFdNiSd+rFS0Hslm9aVGEy16EdWGfdJHpg2R3h0xMC2pJtlEbWiydRmhDS6RsV2tACy7RmKRmIJ5aMmiiJpH7oNloaY6qMEgjWoSuD8poQfrJFRWWlnFk+0E9LWyMHzkuwwB+BxzVIPNDMm4FDfFvGbjPIltSDS2CqhTRMksc61pSXGC9ZP87R/ZPxbSce6jCwsLi4rOFRUJXO64qY5eOk+PyDuKpfQlWFMPIrHP1KlYi2tIi6/HaYMZi3FilGS08q7AiWsQp3UuuWc//4/P7V/NwekSLvbTcWl5eXlBw6VLZ+XyBN529zFqpgqKSii8U4LIA4AP3RNHiK8cR2nL3LvN4pMH8l8IGjywPmJY1QNLSot6uF/HaVW9rOs5+zP/FvVS5iLdur44WUUR7SaG14NP/zpPSI1ru/Hr9+vWb33zw81df3b93u4znsVt45b3rHz/V9e+Kz0rnKpNRI4CjyiMdRmyTdFW6q5hK7qkgtauolQNXr7qqajuiihbR/NZeZvvoXl6ePC22zzmf3LTxabFycfvwWr66PUaEMdyyQnxZG/FVVfcr3YOug/SLeb6+21PVb28MLYLbdHWv30xObu4Dd2FqO6GGFqFPZVGJ7dr1vDwILdY/cz75i5VPS8EHnC/fP3sB530JtIZ3hMRNIJZPqXIJLbC0bOHVE/704xa4OYButPxB6ebHAnR9PsppmSJ6C9l+v5unMy3sDuKlUTTquZNlYUmXzVyIpYVfkTvKJcQQWhao2CxbIOPHTkjLItGq2fZpXp7utLA9JpE++QrUg/OyPm4Ufx8uP9nA0eKL8V1rC/rXa0fLakaNNqKqHKGQlqkiGwsMFtW0KPB4kcNlE8J1bIRi37mWOMOawbRsZtSpHaLOgcpoEeVQsNv+kWcQLaCzPnlqiWpND6lmaaXY03IZv6KljqJlAaNWHaVWRSS0iLLY2gvYfxlGCzLFu6RQRtbUBqg5KXJaQ0JLJ6z3oaG0tFTv6DNeK1rChK+ha1aRleVfVz95oqtfaEwLuccLwmHVEv7InHIE8U00o5gW/s5edW/H0PJHLfK2zBfX21AJLcfF76H/ErBy8X8vl1x+oju3taaFH5gGEcrmPQ7dJPx9WzJa1khgZyAt6bujTUOL6Oz5ojsln/FY+ezza7bzpVeeyPZPzWlhIwgffTrKOco3CGHBBcdrIWjZuwfvXMKjZYXu8xYv1cNLO21oGSBeD93kwfKt3XaFs/ljfU97WnrvJHx2H6gfPjgUFEFLuJR3RFV5500t10R7NpqCllBR152/xX8L5Vvt3H1lPWghn7pEk2+GkNIiiCDa16RRpTZ7cdcY4asbIdVUS+tcc3W0rNCEFn/x0MKbtXx4y8bfVdaFFuQxFJLqonELi2jZ31F1B7fW1PIvFQ82olkzN0m5n9aCllBEyg3e9tBtASw60TKK+M9yWlsrhYiWIPX9W1XbXcXxOCfUhourKKmPnBbxeb35xVx3lrs3SouMoIUl3gIQHf9C4lcJoKV9R7PRgp6x16w3SGF15LSIj5cq+507tNy0Cn3hdKIlhvxVfEr5yO2ctCCm09HhymsjpmWquNvKv+bS8qUo+ZNOtLCziGmpnarhrNA4WvZ0SJUW/sathRteu9X8PGJapiGmLVx7St5HBUbREkI+uOwdjm+KcYxZafHq6i2prkEDx3eE7URXsxhJSwDiRCte339x+YZRtGR3I8elFbYlZPwqHUkLxPcg6GVMlR7cq1ZbDKXlGKLXrF9yuven0mtG0YI44lVeh3GwEGetNnBsgXkwnUBW+QLnkiYWY2lBJd6w/pvTvT+WFRtGS6BWfhsWS0dvRj0tw1XT0lZNrOJ+dADI2xUXPGcxmJYBcmPL/YJCw2jZrshG+S5yNthUPS0a2FvSVUXNB3WStCGtsBhNCyqbgpVryv3PjbOG0ZKpKPccZlVQ5yW1tHjXrOEpIa4Xd/OeyEtqTFeX7ccTTeBjDbYYTgvqeGbr99xZrt2wWa74gFeINuOaolNXlbTIqCrIg0YVLehcwR4yD64fLahTWy/xnCx/LTeOljhyWJbj22KxvrQo92/xUjcpexxgoMF7kpSWbqiE+zcuc71bvrMVGUZLBDEskoHttZyeFqSn/uNo7jdNQsvZ8//D6d971mLDaJmg0ZylwsfA28lpicYb6KoiJ/enfdx13INGZtu2fsx9Ff1OuAf9HX+rQE9atsj9eersd25aDmPfsMgJ8O69+vq3oM7AK7L9me8MVUDk33Kd/+rSkZb5APOYj1PTMh+7pYEKbt6it+8c8uSXAn4s0X+s5XYCWj67bOO62uk3b9kCeje/5My0jMeNLV0RppgNuntaIg9QPVv2Ew+XexdsZ0vAtOR9W2Iru1ChUts3YFqITP+bYDO5M0E60fJHzuVtdKIlHTe2oFZE7rrT0g/VaSXCAJGrX5fbzueXPhHC5/9LfujR7VsXzhY/0TUrnJZD6txMt2xANW6HwQpp6dpAUtzU+F0w16jM8z8Qu7nuRu7NowEtacheK83/RBBP9OP3twqLSh4LMbb8Uxir9v77F5/or99+AaWFd/aijBAJWtoxtc+gWrfFUmW0tO9UV0pch7U9mGuGqaMlFUsLIuQhWn9aTiK7zW77XhTC+uHdu1cf664oVlEQJCAhSVoy4LDUQDs/tUcO3el7ldGihd+1GlownqQPiyPSdfY0IEKkO7Lfiq2/Abv/ES3nrD9rQQs8SsSnI+bhmiHNEG8kK6JFvcdCUzW04IxJw9D/lo0G0IKcuLAl+bbrBLSUFNzSghbw8SIIH6inoWHrkHMXi4+ZaAEl12iFPU/yD+ixZbwBtIxGd5z9ivUmnBa2iJd5Tikt0JAixEu7Mllw13FIf5csE9EimwGVaX9YwisuC90Ee2rrTwvuJG/7FdtNAlouWO+rpmUb0GGhmdhLqQPXZos8Eni4j3loSa3XRFL1fKtL+sww6KPOlxtASyym7+x3yn8B08Laz1+6p5YWYPL/t8VNWZdvgtuKbOVWpqFFnR4FSTXYg/hmhv60zMN1nr3U9vVdKC2svaz8K5W0pMAcyhDLnmYSridgi9tLTkLLY+qRTrun3ybbz1YQBx2M672SQlvxd98CaXk4unx+UQ0tuaA0C6+Lg62GizAIQk91B7rC2LJBMjTkxZY4PbdVE1r646ed9hvWO1//KNn9tytOhbDnW/M/lXsdfcHLrgxIP7fucJtKHZ6PysVdA1EMnVG48bsrNlZUtpE/k/E8oYO9Zbz2tCRLmXl19p17qDA8LkUPpq+Xfrj91ScfYsQ9Q6SoKN9W9vsvP138K1YX7xdjx5axyB+3VPaRN5G7SQlM5d6DPdstFr+1TEnL08Wfd10H0ZImeTRMSXGZrcD+N4x+uFwsPHAkv/AsVsXF2PvkoH/c4NYyT4zL3yd/uNDup9O/Fq2RcxzvZln1JcQ1yx9xQ16ybKnmtLgRuGvoQgszSuYsoaLC0vM4XRO4ShWdu5Z/Aav8a2wR5iZTMbTIBPUsUOpXV3n+TFPyGbGwgQ3IDSX8b+x3FC2rWMcrkVFEi1SQqC+QlubKaDE6F/dD+ZJ7bGhOCyKHi+GaoIgWabd+L+W09DQlLeG8qt9xEC1opygjhbXMSdJSVaZDn3OtsSW8PenUTB9aMFvRxmmeIlo8VTljStHiYUJavLzJZ/L60BKQ41BY8CdDSNECyCo3XyEtQeajpSGi9oaOoYWZOcSBsEik4pagpTHE9ttFES37GLPRsnUZOuBokENoYfyGOgyWhYwSWjbA4pzbKqHFx2S0tO2C3a9Y7hBamJ1hDoIlnlFCiy8wKD5ZlpZqhJu5RtOy4Yik69+ydvuU1vxyRSUIG2gjmeePIJ7r9hg1McQ/PvCB4v2nbR+VqICVoRHwneFKnYBm72eYNTgntKf+IG8ufrVSjb12r3BntKNFJSmpXlvc5H/K9Oa10utWIVbddhU1VNvqK9DWdrK3XZkB7eTeOwYkxI0+KJgr9z+aEjlxNgkswTJ+/kFVUzsIVHXceDgrD+XWZn7Dli1fFui0ynM5qsjuVT1UrVN1FGjDvsWbdzXftMYNnFVk/4jaxGrfS10LMAHrY2Q7ODdm7vo0idMzA1at9AeOMjEHGKfVKc6/dAbzrKpPYPfemHif2d1DxizqEwWoZGZE/FpZVpKmOnM7Naj8N4/wZp5h+fVZOSU20j8kLHjixOCwkLlzImMTjs8aG/UKUS39j8+JycWiMiT+KENFxVVU3JQ524cKxqrstQsTDtG2oULp4OhZKQnrYwMjHyhwTN8pK+OiaKNQUVFRUVFRUVFRUVFRUVFRUVFR6az/B6bMI/aYxJj+AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
C.对美国来说,一辆汽车的机会成本是什么?粮食呢?对日本来说,一辆汽车的机会成本是什么?粮食呢?把这种信息填入类似于表3-3的表中。
答:对美国来说,一辆汽车的机会成本是5/2吨粮食,1吨粮食的机会成本是2/5辆汽车,对日本来说一辆汽车的机会成本是5/4吨粮食,1吨粮食的机会成本是4/5辆汽车。
| 1辆(吨)的机会成本 |
汽车(根据放弃的粮食) | 粮食(根据放弃的汽车) |
美国 | 5/2上海迪士尼乐园景点介绍 | 2/5 |
日本 | 5/4东北三省旅游地图 | 4/5 |
| | |
D.哪个国家在生产汽车中有绝对优势?生产粮食呢?