第一讲 冠 词
【典题试做】
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call saying she was shortlisted, we thought it was a joke.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly, I’m facetoface with the gorilla, who begins screaming at the top of her lungs.
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.As a__ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
7．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead, she is earning ￡6，500 a day as a model in New York.
冠词在语法填空中的考查点主要为冠词表泛指、特指的基本用法以及常见的固定搭配中的冠词。
【典题试做】
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Suddenly football fell just in front of me and almost hit me. 在football前加a
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style. an→a
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. 在countryside前加the
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times 运城有哪些好玩的景点I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me.the→a 5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I still remember how hard first day was. 在first前加the/my
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. 第一个a→an/one
1．不定冠词a和an的错用；
2．不定冠词a(n)和定冠词the的错用；
3．单数可数名词前冠词的缺失；
4．冠词的多余；
5．常见固定搭配中冠词的缺失与多余。
不定冠词
不定冠词用于表示泛指，一般修饰单数可数名词，有a和an两种形式。当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是辅音音素(不是辅音字母)时，用不定冠词a；当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音 素是元音音素(不是元音字母)时，用不定冠词an。
1．不定冠词的基本用法
(1)用于第一次提到或出现的可数名词单数前，泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
At that time, I was working in a factory.The factory produces car parts.
那时，我在一家工厂工作。那家工厂生产汽车部件。
(2)用于可数名词单数前，泛指一类人或事物，或指同类中的“一个”。
(福建卷)The“Chinese Dream”is a dream to improve people’s wellbeing and a dream of harmony, peace and development. “中国梦”是一个改善民生的梦，也是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。
(3)表示数量“一”，但不强调数量概念；或表示“任何一个”。
(北京卷)Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write a letter to their neighbors and
apologize for their playing. 那天上午晚些时候，达里奥建议他们应该给邻居们写一封信，为他们弹钢琴这件事道歉。
(4)用于表示人名的专有名词前，表示“一个叫……的人，一个类似……的人，一部……的作品”。
(四川卷)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven. 布莱恩在创作音乐上很有天赋，他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人。 (浙江卷)Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso.
专家们认为最近发现的那幅画可能是毕加索的作品。
2．不定冠词的活用
平遥疫情最新消息今天(1)用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”台湾旅游攻略必玩的景点。
(北京卷)First impressions are the most lasting.After all, you never get a second chance to make a first impression.
最初的印象最持久。毕竟，你不可能有机会给别人再留下一个第一印象。
(2)不定冠词可以用在某些具体化的抽象名词前，常考的具体化的抽象名词有success, failure, surprise, pleasure, beauty, pity, danger, comfort, honour等。
(山东卷)Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times. 在艰苦的时期，能够买得起一杯饮料都会是一件令人感到欣慰的事。
(3)有些不可数名词如knowledge, collection, understanding等后面加of...时，前面需用不定冠词a/an。have a (good) “精通……”；have a (clear/good) “了解……”。
If you don’t 黄山哪里好玩景点排名have a good knowledge of English, it’s out of the question for you to use it flexibly and fluently.
如果你不能精通英语，那么灵活而流利地运用它是不可能的。
3．不定冠词用于固定搭配中个园里的景点介绍
all of a sudden 突然
as a matter of fact 事实上
at a loss 不知所措；困惑
pay a visit to 参观；拜访
be/go on a diet 节食
give sb.a lift 让某人搭便车
have a 在……方面有天赋
have a word with 与……谈话
make a fool of 愚弄
in a hurry 匆忙地
in a way 在某种程度上
keep an eye on 留意；留神
make a living 谋生
a 浪费……
once in a while 偶尔
as a result/consequence 因此
定冠词
1．定冠词的基本用法
(1)前面已提及的人或物再次被提到时，或谈话双方都知道的人或物前，一般要加定冠词，表特指。
Take your time—it’s just a short distance from here to the restaurant.
不要着急，从这里到那家餐馆只有很短的一段距离。
(2)用在被短语或从句修饰的名词前，表特指。
(重庆卷)I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask. 我刚听说朵拉工作的那家银行被一名持蒙面人抢劫了。
(3)用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人或夫妻俩；或用于单数可数名词、形容词或分词前，表示一类人或物。
The Smiths went on an aroundtheworld trip.
史密斯一家去环球旅行了。
Soldiers came to rescue those buried under the ruins, and the government provided food, clothes and shelters for the homeless. 士兵们来营救那些被埋在废墟下的人，政府为无家可归者提供食物、衣服和庇护所。
