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课标内容 | 核心素养目标 |
通过野外观察或运用 视频、图像,识别 3~ 4 种地貌,描述其景 观的主要特点。 | 1.说出风蚀地貌和风积地貌的典型分布区域及主要特征。 (区域认知) 2.能够分析常见风蚀地貌和风积地貌的成因。 (综合思维) 3.结合所学知识及查阅相关资料,了解常见风沙活动的危 害及防治措施。(地理实践力、人地协调观) |
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平潭岛天气预报15天
知识清单一 风蚀地貌 风蚀地貌多形成于降水较少的干旱、半干旱地区,如我国西北地区。
(1)概念:地面物质在风力作用下脱离原地,称为风蚀作用。
(2)类型:风蚀作用包括吹蚀作用和磨蚀作用。
2.风蚀地貌 (1)概念:由风蚀作用形成的地表形态,叫作风蚀地貌。 (2)类型:风蚀蘑菇、风蚀柱、风蚀壁龛、风蚀残丘、风蚀沟槽等。
知识清单二 风积地貌
1.概念: 风中挟带的沙粒,在风速降低时沉降在地面,所形成的各种地表形态, 就是风积地貌。
2.类型:沙丘等。
知识清单三 风沙活动的危害与防治
1.危害: 风沙在运动过程中,往往破坏建筑物,降低土壤肥力,掩埋房屋、农田、 道路等,
使当地人民正常的生产生活受到影响, 严重时还会造成生命财产的损失 2.防治措施: 通过设置障蔽或植树种草来增大地面的粗糙度,以降低风速,削弱 风沙的破坏作用,从而达到阻沙和固沙的目的。防治风沙灾害,可采取草方格、
石方格、高立式沙障、防护林带等措施。
风蚀蘑菇的成因
去北京哪里好玩
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)
风蚀蘑菇是由风蚀柱逐渐磨蚀而成的。 接近地表的气流中含沙量较多, 磨蚀力强; 距离地面越高,风中含有的沙子越少,磨蚀作用弱,于是形成了上大下小的蘑菇 形状的石头。
任务清单一 风蚀地貌与风积地貌
情境探究
[情境 ] “雅丹 ”原是我国维吾尔语,意为陡峭的土丘。在极干旱地区的一些 干涸的湖底,常因干涸而裂开,风沿着这些裂隙吹蚀,裂隙愈来愈大,使原来平 坦的地面发育成许多不规则的背鲫形垄脊和宽浅沟槽,这种支离破碎的地面称为
雅丹地貌。有些地貌外观如同古城堡,俗称魔鬼城。雅丹地貌以罗布泊西北楼兰 附近最典型 乌兹别克斯坦总统[探究 ] (1)图中垄脊走向与当地的盛行风有何关系?
(2)为何我国西北地区多雅丹地貌。
提示 (1)垄脊走向大致与当地主导风向一致。
2)我国西北地区降水少, 多干涸的湖泊, 再加上风力强劲, 在风力的侵蚀
作用下,形成了较为广泛的雅丹地貌。
素养凝练
风成地貌的影响及分布
类型 | 对地貌的影响 | 分布 | 典型景观 |
周庄古镇内最好的民宿风蚀 福州平潭岛旅游攻略住宿地貌 | 风力吹蚀和磨蚀,形 成风蚀洼地、沟谷、 风蚀柱、风蚀蘑菇、 戈壁、裸岩荒漠等 | 干旱、半干旱地区 | | | |
风积 地貌 | 形成沙丘、沙垄和黄 土堆积 | 干燥内陆及邻近地 区 | | | |
| | | | | |
[方法技巧 ] 沙丘地貌中风向的判断
1.
根据沙丘判断风向。沙丘的缓坡为迎风坡,如下图;
2.根据堆积物的大小判断风向。堆积物颗粒由大到小的方向即风向,如下图。
素养应用
读下面的地理景观图,完成 1~2 题
1.图示地貌形成的外力作用是( ) |
A.流水 | B.冰川 |
C.风力 | D.海浪 |
2.图示景观照片显示的当地主导风向为( | ) |
A.西北风 | 千山门票怎么买便宜B.东南风 |
C.东北风 | D.西南风 |
| |
解析 沙丘是由风力堆积作用形成的。沙丘形状与风向有关:迎风坡缓、背风坡 陡;根据图中指向标即可判断该地风向为西北风。
答案 1.C 2.A
任务清单二 风沙活动的危害及防治措施
情境探究
[情境 ] 楼兰曾是西域比较富有的国家之一, 居住在楼兰古国的人主要是靠罗 布泊河流生存,为建造楼兰古城,楼兰人随意砍伐大量的树木,导致生态环境逐 步恶化。风沙肆虐让这里的人们生存条件极其艰苦,楼兰人失去了赖以生存的基 本条件,只好远走他乡。楼兰文明就是在这样的环境下消失殆尽,曾经的繁华景 象变成了如今的一片黄沙,也留下无数供后代解开的谜团。
[探究 ] 你认为是什么原因导致了楼兰古国的灭亡?
提示 此题为开放性试题,对于楼兰古国灭亡的原因有很多不同的观点,如 破坏植被导致生态环境恶化、战争、河流干涸与改道等。
素养凝练
1.风沙活动成因
(1)沙源
①外地输沙:盛行风从上风地带将沙尘物质吹送至风沙活动地区沉积;河流从中 上游地区
搬运到风沙活动地区沉积。②当地沙源:枯水期湖滩、河滩裸露,泥沙 裸露;冬春季节地表缺少植被覆盖,表土裸露;耕地面积扩大、不合理的人类活 动破坏植被,地表裸露,增加沙源。