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迪拜到底有多富
摘要:
狭义部分雾指覆盖机场重要部分的雾,其余部分是晴空,多指影响机场局部区域的平流雾。雾中能见度<1000m,雾扩散到离地≥2m高度。在实际机场工作中,部分雾虽不影响主导能见度,但由于其覆盖例如跑道等机场重要部分,对飞机起降也有很大影响,是民航气象所关注的天气现象。桂林机场的部分雾冷却原因既包括主要的辐射冷却,又包括蒸发和平流,是一种混合雾。本文利用常规天气图、机场天气报告、气象观测月总簿等资料,结合1997年-2021年桂林两江机场天气过程档案和机场气候志,统计分析了桂林机场部分雾的年际特征及预报条件。分析发现,桂林机场部分雾出现天数逐年增加;桂林机场部分雾多出现在冬春季节(1月除外);桂林机场部分雾的出现时间集中在凌晨4点至8点;部分雾强度大多能达到浓雾或强浓雾级别。桂林机场部分雾出现的预报主要考虑以下3个条件:一是大多出现在冬春季节;二是晴朗的夜间和早晨;三是风力静风或轻微风0-2m/s。
关键词:部分雾;碎雾;混合雾;桂林两江机场;年际特征;预报中国志愿军已入俄罗斯参战
引言:
雾,是指在接近地球表面、大气中悬浮的由小水滴或冰晶组成的水汽凝结物,是一种常见的天气现象。当气温达到露点温度时(或接近露点),空气里的水蒸气凝结生成雾。雾形成的条件一是冷却,二是加湿,三是有凝结核,增加水汽含量。根据冷却条件不同,可分为以下几种: 1、辐射雾:指由于地表辐射冷却作用使地面气层水汽凝结而形成的雾,在冬季、初春和秋末等季节比较常见。主要出现在晴朗、微风、近地面水汽比较充沛且有逆温存在的夜间或早晨。 欧洲各国歧视华人排行榜2、平流雾:暖而湿的空气作水平运动,经过寒冷的地面或水面,逐渐冷却而形成的雾。
3、蒸发雾:即冷空气流经温暖水面,如果气温与水温相差很大,则因水面蒸发大量水汽,在水面附近的冷空气便发生水汽凝结成雾。
4、混合雾:兼以上有两种原因形成的雾。
根据《民用航空地面观测手册》的定义,狭义部分雾(PRFG)指覆盖机场重要部分的雾,其余部分是晴空,多指影响机场局部区域的平流雾,雾中能见度<1000m,雾扩散到
元氏天气离地≥2m高度。碎雾(BCFG)是指碎片状的雾,雾中能见度<1000m,雾扩散到离地≥2m高度。在实际机场地面观测工作中,狭义部分雾与碎雾形态类似,仅考虑以是否出现在跑道等机场重要部分来辨别区分。但狭义部分雾与碎雾移动速度较快,在较短时间内会互相转化。对于这两种天气现象的预报在现阶段无法分别预报,因此本文将狭义部分雾和碎雾统称为广义部分雾(以下简称部分雾)。部分雾虽不决定主导能见度,但由于其覆盖例如跑道等机场重要部分,对飞机起降也有很大影响,是民航气象所关注的重要天气现象。
桂林两江机场部分雾的形成机制
一、桂林机场的自然环境
如图1所示,桂林两江国际机场所处的位置正是湘桂走廊西南端的开阔地带,机场北头不远处有罗山水库,西侧有一条河,河水主要发源于猫儿山和天平山,到永福县后与西河河水汇在一起流入洛清江。河的西侧不远(距离机场约15km)处就是成南北走向的天平山和登云山,天平山主峰1804m,登云山主峰1253m,两山之中还有多个海拔高度在1000m以上的山峰。机场南偏东方向有架桥岭,架桥岭的主峰“三县界” 距离机场42km,海拔高1246.9m。机场北面将近30km处有海拔高956m的中央山,中央山再往北和东北就是猫儿山(主峰2141m)。机场东面近处较平坦,但几十千米外是东北至西南走向的海洋山。 ![](data:image/jpg;base64,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)
图1 桂林两江机场地形图
二、桂林两江机场部分雾的形成机制
桂林两江机场北头不远处有罗山水库,西侧有一条河。河的西侧不远(距离机场约15千米)处就是成南北走向的天平山和登云山。下山的冷风有利于加速地表降温,水库和河流因为白天日照温度较高,夜间降温缓慢仍然不断蒸发提供水汽,因此在适合的层结和风力条件下,水库和河流蒸发的水汽经过较冷的下垫面在近地面凝结,较容易出现部分雾的天气。故而桂林机场的部分雾冷却原因既包括主要的辐射冷却,又包括蒸发和平流,是一种混合雾。
与辐射平流雾形成相似桂林机场部分雾形成的有利条件可分为如下几点:
(1)冷却条件:晴朗少云的夜间或清晨,地面散热迅速,使近地面气层降温多,有利于水汽凝结。当低空有辐射逆温形成时,有利于近地层大量雾滴聚积于逆温层下而形成辐射雾。
四平旅游景点推荐(2)水汽条件:近地面层水汽充沛时,气温稍有下降就会使水汽凝结。湿度越大、湿层越厚,就越有利于形成雾。当空气被雨和潮湿的地面增湿以后,对形成辐射雾特别有利。
怀柔区