四川省成都七中2015高考英语阅读理解练习（4）及答案（精品） 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 “Experience may possibly be the best teacher,but it is not a particularly good
teacher.” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those
words,but they actually come from James March,a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organizational decision making. For years March(possibly
the wisest philosopher of management)has studied how humans think and act,and he
continues to do so in his new bookThe Ambiguities of Experience.
He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of
experiential learning:“Experience is respected;experience is sought;experience is explained.” The problem is that learning from experience i nvolves(涉及)serious complications(复杂化),ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.
In one interesting part of the book,for example,he turns a doubtful eye toward the
use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. In our efforts
to make stories interesting,he argues,we lose part of the complicated truth of things. He says “The more accurately(精确地)reality is presented,the less understandable
the story,and the more understandable the story,the less realistic it is.”
Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher,March is also a poet,and his gift
shines through in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short,it is demanding:Don’t pick it u p looking for quick,easy lessons. Rather,be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.
1. According to the text,James March is .
A. a poet who uses experience in his writing
B. a teacher who teaches story writing in university
C. a researcher who studies the way humans think and act
D. a professor who helps organizations make important decisions
天津必吃的美食
攻略2. According to James March,experience .A. is overvalued
B. is easy to explain
C. should be actively sought
D. should be highly respected
3. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A. Experience makes stories more accurate.
B. Stories made interesting fail to fully present the truth.
C. The use of stories is the best way of experiential learning.
D. Stories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.
惠山古镇游玩攻略4. What’s the purpose of this text?
A. To introduce a book.
B. To describe a researcher.
C. To explain experiential learning.
D. To discuss organizational decision making. 【参考答案】1-4 CABA
较难题目特训：介绍说明类
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The multi-million pound new Library of Birmingham (LoB) will be the most visible sign of the way the city is accepting the digitalization (数字化) of everyday life.
Set to open in 2013, the ￡188m LoB is already beginning to take shape next to the Birmingham Repertory Theatre, with which it will share some equipment.
As digital media (媒介) is important toits idea, the project is already providing
chances for some of the many small new local companies working at the new technologies. Brian Gambles, the LoB project director, says it is about giving people the right
tools for learning:“The aim is to mix the physical with the digital, providing 24-hour services which can be used through many different ways. It is important to enable
us to reach more people, more effectively.”
The digital library will, he says, be as important as the physical one, allowing the
distant use of the services, making sure that it is never closed to the public.
Even before the LoB is complete, the public has been able to go online to visit the
Virtual (虚拟的) LoB, designed by Baden, the Birmingham virtual worlds specialists.
Not only have the public been able to learn about the LoB, but the virtual one has
also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and how it will work before it even
opens.
Two other small Birmingham-based digital companies are also working on the LoB projects. Substrat, a digital design company, is developing what it calls an example of an “enlarged reality” project. It is about the use of an exciting smart phone,
an important part of the LoB which is in the early stages of development. And The
People’s Archive is an online library of historical figures of the city being built
up by a digital content company in Cahoots, in which users will be encouraged to add
to and comment on the material.
Gambles says: “Technology will enable us to make t he library’s content and services open to citizens as never before.”
1. The underlined part “its idea” in Paragraph 3 refers to the idea of.
A. the equipment
B. the project
C. the digital media
D. the physical library
2. While visiting the Virtual LoB, the public can .
A. get a general idea of the LoB
B. meet many world-famous experts
C. learn how to put up a library building
D. understand how the specialists work on the project
3. Which of the following is true of the LoB when it opens?
a. It offers better learning tools.
b. It reaches users in different ways.
c. It provides users with smart phones.
d. It allows users to enrich its material.
e. It gives non-stop physical and digital services.
A. a, b, d
B. a, c, e
C. b, c, d
D. b, d, e
4. The text is most probably taken from .
A. a computer book
B. a library guide
C. a project handbook
D. a newspaper report
【参考答案】1-4 BAAD
较难题目特训：介绍说明类
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Below is a page adapted from an English dictionary.
Important words to learn: ●EEssential ●I Improver ●A Advanced
pump/p?mp/
?noun[c]DEVICE 1 a piece of equipment which is used to cause liquid, air or gas
to move from one place to another: a water/bicycle/f uel pump ○ a UK petrol/US gas pump SHOE2[USUALLY PLURAL]US(UK court shoe)a type of plain shoe with a raised HEEL and no way of fastening it to the foot which is worn by women 3[USUALLY PLURAL]a type of flat shoe, like a BALLET d ancer’s shoe, which is worn by women 4[USUALLY P LURAL]UK a flat shoe made of heavy cloth, which is worn by children for doing sports
?verb LIQUID/GAS1[T USUALLY*ADV/PREP]to force liquid or gas to move somewhere:
Our latest machine can pump a hundred gallons a minute. ○The new wine is pumped into storage tanks. ○The heart pumps blood through the arteries/round the body.INFORMATION2[T]INFORMAL to keep asking someone for information, especially in a way that is not direct: She was pumping me for details of the new project.
?idioms pu mp sb’s hand to SHAKE someone’s hand (=hold their hand and move it up
and down, especially in order to greet them)·pump Iron INFORMAL to lift heavy weights for exercise: These days both men and women pump iron for fitness.
?phrasalverbs pump s th into sth to spend a lot of money trying to make something operate successfully: They had been pumping money into the business for some years without
seeing any results.
pump s th out[M]REMOVE 1 to remove water or other liquid from something using a pump: We t ook turns pumping out the boat. PRODUCE2 INFORMAL DISAPPROVING to produce words or loud music in a way that is repeated, forceful and continuous: The government keeps pumping out the sa
me old propaganda. ○The car radio was pumping out music with a heavy beat.
pump out sth If someone’s stomach is pumped out, a poisonous substance is removed
from it by being sucked through a tube: She had to go to hospital to have her stomach pumped out.
pump s b up[M]INFORMAL t o make someone feel more confident or excited: He was offering them advice and trying to pump them up. ○[R]The players were pumping themselves up
by singing the national anthem before the game.
pump sth up[M]1 to fill something with air using a pump: Have you pumped up the balloons yet? ○I must pump the tyr es up on my bike. 2INFORMAL to increase something
by a large amount: The US was able to pump up exports. ○Let’s pump up the volume
a bit!
pump-action/?p?mp. ?k. ?n/ adjective [BEFORE NOUN]describes a device which operates
by forcing something, especially air, in or out of a closed space or container: a
pump-action shotgun ○a pump-action toilet
?pump? priming noun[U]SPECIALIZED the activity of helping a business, programme,
economy, etc. to develop by giving it money: The government is awarding small,
pump-priming grants to single mothers who are starting their own businesses.
苏州市人力资源和社会保障局网址pun/p?n/洪雅瓦屋山门票多少钱
?noun[C]a humorous use of a word or phrase which has several meanings or which sounds like another word: She made a couple of dreadful puns. ○This is a well-known joke based on a pun: “What’s black and white and red(=read)all over? “ “A newspaper. “
?verb[I](-nn-)to make a pun
punch/p?nt?/
?noun HIT1[C]a forceful hit with a FIST(=closed hand): She gave him a punch UK on/US in the nose.
EFFECT2[U]the power to be interesting and have a strong effect
on people: I felt the performance/speech/presentation lacked punch. DRINK3[C OR U]a cold or hot drink made by mixing fruit juices, pieces of fruit and often wine or other alcoholic drinks TOOL4[C]a piece of equipment which cuts holes in a material by
pushing a piece of metal through it: a ticket punch ○Have you seen the hole punch anywhere?
?verb[T]HIT1to hit someone or something with your FIST(=closed hand): He punched him in the stomach. 2 MAINLY US to hit with your fingers the buttons on a telephone
or the keys on a keyboard USE T OOL3 to make a hole in something with a special piece of equipment: I was just punching holes in some sheets of paper. ○This belt’s too big—I’ll have to punch an extra hole in it.
?idioms punch sb’s lights out INFORMAL to hit someone repeatedly very hard·punch the clock US to put a card into a special machine to record the times your arrive
at and leave work: After 17 years of punching the clock, he just disappeared one
morning and was never heard from again.
1. What does the word “pump” mean i n “He ran in every five minutes to pump me a bout the case” ?
A. Talk with.
B. Ask for information.
C. Listen to.
D. Provide with evidence.
2. When S ally says “The TV program kept pumping out commercials”, she may be.
A. excited
B. interested
C. annoyed
6月旅游国内最佳地D. worried
3. What will the government most probably provide if it is engaged in a pump-priming
program?青岛旅游几月份去合适
A. Sums o f money.
B. Raw m aterials.
C. Human resources.
D. Media support.
4. When Sylvia says “His speech was OK but it had no real punch”, she thinks it
was not .
A. fluent and impressive
B. logical and moving
C. informative and significant
D. interesting and powerful
【参考答案】1-4 BCAD
较难题目特训：介绍说明类
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Decision- making under Stress
A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain
considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative(负面的) consequences of a decision.
The research suggests that stress may change the way people make c hoices in predictable ways.
“Stress affects how people learn, ”says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under str ess. ”
For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images (影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants
were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in
ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress.
This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating
cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress—at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also less easily recalled.
The research also found that stress appears to affect decision- making differently
in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on
consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.
Men who had been stressed by the cold- water task tended to take more risks in the
experiment while women r esponded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk- taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better; when caution weighs more,
however, women will win.
This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might
also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may
more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.
1. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to .
A. keep rewards better in their memory
B. recall consequences more effortlessly
C. make risky decisions more frequently
D. learn a subject more effectively
2. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their .
A. ways of making choices
B. preference for pleasure
C. tolerance of punishments
D. responses to suggestions
3. The research has proved that in a stressful situation, .
A. women find it easier to fall into certain habits
B. men have a greater tendency to slow down
C. women focus more on outcomes
D. men are more likely to take risks
【参考答案】1—3、AAD
